Project: Dry production routes for large-area benign metal halide perovskite solar cells

Acronym	PERDRY (Reference Number: JTC-2_2019_025)
Duration	01/11/2019 - 31/12/2022
Project Topic	Solar cells employing metal halide perovskite, HaP, light absorbers have developed tremendously over the past years. So far, best efficiencies (>22%) were all obtained with lead-based HaPs, prepared by non-scalable spin-coating using often toxic solvents. Hence, to reach a TRL >5 it is essential to develop scalable processes with no toxic solvents and either replace the lead or ensure safe “end-of-life” protocols. We will use dry processing to prepare uniform large-area and benign HaP thin films and integrate them into efficient photovoltaic devices. Physical vapour-based processes such as co-evaporation, flash evaporation and pulsed laser deposition of the binary constituents or pre-formed powders will be used. The current TRL of these processes is 3-4 for flash and co-evaporation and 2 for pulsed laser deposition. The main benefit of these dry processes is that they are solvent-free and additive (allowing for multiple layer films). They allow for a very high compositional freedom, because no common solvent is needed to process/dissolve the precursor salts. Furthermore, control over the numerous interfaces in the stacked layer device is less problematic than for solution-based addition of layers. We will leverage this important advantage to develop more benign HaP films, by replacing toxic lead with tin, bismuth, or antimony and a mono-valent cation. Our Solar Cell manufacturing partner, 3GSolar, will provide the consortium with end-user information and with knowledge regarding rigorous encapsulation. The latter will prevent contact of the perovskite with ambient atmosphere, which strongly increases the lifetime and eliminates risk of lead contamination to the environment. To demonstrate TRL=5 partner Solmates will prepare 10 by 10 cm films using vapour-based processes and integrate them into solar cell demonstrators (PCE>19%, and stability over 5000 hours).
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Network	Solar Cofund 2
Call	Solar Cofund 2 Joint Call

Project partner

Number	Name	Role	Country
1	Universitat de València (UVEG) Molecular Science Institute (ICMol)	Coordinator	Spain
2	Bar Ilan University (BIU) Chemistry - Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials	Partner	Israel
3	Solmates BV	Partner	Netherlands
4	Karlstad University (KAU) Department of Engineering and Physics	Partner	Sweden
5	JB EcoTech AB	Partner	Sweden
6	Glava Energy Center AB	Partner	Sweden
7	3GSolar Photovoltaics Ltd	Partner	Israel